Bird flu in Cambodia

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Avian Influenza A (H5N1), Cambodia 11 year old girl died of H5N1 Father tested positive for H5N1

Human-to-human transmission of H5N1, incredibly rare Not impossible

Cambodia, 2003 to 2014 56 human cases of H5N1, 37 of them were fatal

From 2003 to 25 February 2023 873 human cases of infection with influenza A (H5N1) 458 deaths have been reported

From 21 countries. Reported 23 February 2023

https://www.who.int/emergencies/disea…

• Cambodia International Health Regulations (IHR) National Focal Point (NFP) Confirmed human infection with avian influenza A (H5N1)
• A second case, family contact, reported 24 February 2023 First two cases of avian influenza A (H5N1) reported from Cambodia since 2014 December 2003 to 2014
• All human cases due to poultry-to-human transmission Description of the cases Referred, 21 February 2023 Admitted to the National Pediatric Hospital with severe pneumonia Tested positive for avian influenza A (H5N1) virus, by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)
• Institute Pasteur Cambodia, confirmed the finding Died on 22 February 2023 Cambodia shared the genetic sequence data Twelve close contacts tested
• Father, asymptomatic, in isolation at the referral hospital
• The eleven other samples tested negative for A (H5N1) and SARS-CoV-2. Further human cases can be expected WHO advice PPE for infected poultry workers Registered and monitored closely for seven days
• Currently, no vaccine widely available to protect against avian influenza in humans.
• WHO, poultry or birds workers, seasonal influenza vaccination, reduce risk of re-assortment.
• Cambodian CDC http://outbreaknewstoday.com/cambodia…
• Bird flu virus H5N1, cause of death, Rolang village, Khlach commune
• There has not been any clear evidence of transmitting H5N1 bird flu from person to person.
• Clade identified is 2.3.2.1c. (H5N1) Circulating in poultry in southeast Asia since 2014 Vietnam Lao Clade 2.3.4.4b viruses (H5N1) Detected in birds, many countries in Africa, Asia, Europe, North America, Central and South America
• The high levels of infection in birds, increased geographic distribution = genetic diversification Spread Droplet, bird saliva, nasal secretions Flapping wings etc Droppings Fomites and surfaces Direct contact Meat (virus killed by heat)
• Into eyes, nose mouth Avoid any contact with wild birds H5N1 influenza A, history First detected, chickens, Scotland, 1959 China and Hong Kong, 1996
• First was detected in humans, 1997 Hong Kong, 1997, 18 H5N1 cases in Hong Kong, some were acquired human-to-human
• This outbreak Infected 15 million domesticated birds Countless wild birds and animals Detected in foxes, otters, seals, mink
• Therefore more opportunities to mutate In the UK All farmed chickens now required indoors The UKHSA https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk…
• Very high levels of transmission in wild birds Constant risk US 10 billion animals killed for meat in the US in 2022
• Imported 200 million live animals Human infection possible at any stage in the meat supply chain 58 million birds culled One US human case in 2022, recovered

Originally posted at Dr Campbells YouTube Channel